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Stream

Specification

The Stream interface is a simple handshake protocol to carry payload.
It could be used for example to push and pop elements into a FIFO, send requests to a UART controller, etc.

Signal

Type

Driver

Description

Don’t care when

valid

Bool

Master

When high => payload present on the interface

ready

Bool

Slave

When low => transaction are not consumed by the slave

valid is low

payload

T

Master

Content of the transaction

valid is low

There is some examples of usage in SpinalHDL :

class StreamFifo[T <: Data](dataType: T, depth: Int) extends Component {
  val io = new Bundle {
    val push = slave Stream (dataType)
    val pop = master Stream (dataType)
  }
  ...
}

class StreamArbiter[T <: Data](dataType: T,portCount: Int) extends Component {
  val io = new Bundle {
    val inputs = Vec(slave Stream (dataType),portCount)
    val output = master Stream (dataType)
  }
  ...
}

Note

Each slave can or can’t allow the payload to change when valid is high and ready is low. For examples:

  • An priority arbiter without lock logic can switch from one input to the other (which will change the payload).

  • An UART controller could directly use the write port to drive UART pins and only consume the transaction at the end of the transmission. Be careful with that.

Semantics

When manually reading/driving the signals of a Stream keep in mind that:

  • After being asserted, valid may only be deasserted once the current payload was acknowleged. This means valid can only toggle to 0 the cycle after a the slave did a read by asserting ready.

  • In contrast to that ready may change at any time.

  • A transfer is only done on cycles where both valid and ready are asserted.

  • valid of a Stream must not depend on ready in a combinatorial way and any path between the two must be registered.

  • It is recommended that valid does not depend on ready at all.

Functions

Syntax

Description

Return

Latency

Stream(type : Data)

Create a Stream of a given type

Stream[T]

master/slave Stream(type : Data)

Create a Stream of a given type
Initialized with corresponding in/out setup

Stream[T]

x.fire

Return True when a transaction is consumed on the bus (valid && ready)

Bool

x.isStall

Return True when a transaction is stall on the bus (valid && ! ready)

Bool

x.queue(size:Int)

Return a Stream connected to x through a FIFO

Stream[T]

2

x.m2sPipe()
x.stage()
Return a Stream drived by x
through a register stage that cut valid/payload paths
Cost = (payload width + 1) flop flop

Stream[T]

1

x.s2mPipe()

Return a Stream drived by x
ready paths is cut by a register stage
Cost = payload width * (mux2 + 1 flip flop)

Stream[T]

0

x.halfPipe()

Return a Stream drived by x
valid/ready/payload paths are cut by some register
Cost = (payload width + 2) flip flop, bandwidth divided by two

Stream[T]

1

x << y
y >> x

Connect y to x

0

x <-< y
y >-> x

Connect y to x through a m2sPipe

1

x </< y
y >/> x

Connect y to x through a s2mPipe

0

x <-/< y
y >/-> x
Connect y to x through s2mPipe().m2sPipe()
Which imply no combinatorial path between x and y

1

x.haltWhen(cond : Bool)

Return a Stream connected to x
Halted when cond is true

Stream[T]

0

x.throwWhen(cond : Bool)

Return a Stream connected to x
When cond is true, transaction are dropped

Stream[T]

0

The following code will create this logic :

../../_images/stream_throw_m2spipe.svg
case class RGB(channelWidth : Int) extends Bundle{
  val red   = UInt(channelWidth bits)
  val green = UInt(channelWidth bits)
  val blue  = UInt(channelWidth bits)

  def isBlack : Bool = red === 0 && green === 0 && blue === 0
}

val source = Stream(RGB(8))
val sink   = Stream(RGB(8))
sink <-< source.throwWhen(source.payload.isBlack)

Utils

There is many utils that you can use in your design in conjunction with the Stream bus, this chapter will document them.

StreamFifo

On each stream you can call the .queue(size) to get a buffered stream. But you can also instantiate the FIFO component itself :

val streamA,streamB = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
//...
val myFifo = StreamFifo(
  dataType = Bits(8 bits),
  depth    = 128
)
myFifo.io.push << streamA
myFifo.io.pop  >> streamB

parameter name

Type

Description

dataType

T

Payload data type

depth

Int

Size of the memory used to store elements

io name

Type

Description

push

Stream[T]

Used to push elements

pop

Stream[T]

Used to pop elements

flush

Bool

Used to remove all elements inside the FIFO

occupancy

UInt of log2Up(depth + 1) bits

Indicate the internal memory occupancy

StreamFifoCC

You can instanciate the dual clock domain version of the fifo the following way :

val clockA = ClockDomain(???)
val clockB = ClockDomain(???)
val streamA,streamB = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
//...
val myFifo = StreamFifoCC(
  dataType  = Bits(8 bits),
  depth     = 128,
  pushClock = clockA,
  popClock  = clockB
)
myFifo.io.push << streamA
myFifo.io.pop  >> streamB

parameter name

Type

Description

dataType

T

Payload data type

depth

Int

Size of the memory used to store elements

pushClock

ClockDomain

Clock domain used by the push side

popClock

ClockDomain

Clock domain used by the pop side

io name

Type

Description

push

Stream[T]

Used to push elements

pop

Stream[T]

Used to pop elements

pushOccupancy

UInt of log2Up(depth + 1) bits

Indicate the internal memory occupancy (from the push side perspective)

popOccupancy

UInt of log2Up(depth + 1) bits

Indicate the internal memory occupancy (from the pop side perspective)

StreamCCByToggle

Component that connects Streams across clock domains based on toggling signals.
This way of implementing a cross clock domain bridge is characterized by a small area usage but also a low bandwidth.
val clockA = ClockDomain(???)
val clockB = ClockDomain(???)
val streamA,streamB = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
//...
val bridge = StreamCCByToggle(
  dataType    = Bits(8 bits),
  inputClock  = clockA,
  outputClock = clockB
)
bridge.io.input  << streamA
bridge.io.output >> streamB

parameter name

Type

Description

dataType

T

Payload data type

inputClock

ClockDomain

Clock domain used by the push side

outputClock

ClockDomain

Clock domain used by the pop side

io name

Type

Description

input

Stream[T]

Used to push elements

output

Stream[T]

Used to pop elements

Alternatively you can also use a this shorter syntax which directly return you the cross clocked stream:

val clockA = ClockDomain(???)
val clockB = ClockDomain(???)
val streamA = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val streamB = StreamCCByToggle(
  input       = streamA,
  inputClock  = clockA,
  outputClock = clockB
)

StreamWidthAdapter

This component adapts the width of the input stream to the output stream. When the width of the outStream payload is greater than the inStream, by combining the payloads of several input transactions into one; conversely, if the payload width of the outStream is less than the inStream, one input transaction will be split into several output transactions.

In the best case, the width of the payload of the inStream should be an integer multiple of the outStream as shown below.

val inStream = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val outStream = Stream(Bits(16 bits))
val adapter = StreamWidthAdapter(inStream, outStream)

As in the example above, the two inStream transactions will be merged into one outStream transaction, and the payload of the first input transaction will be placed on the lower bits of the output payload by default.

If the expected order of input transaction payload placement is different from the default setting, here is an example.

val inStream = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val outStream = Stream(Bits(16 bits))
val adapter = StreamWidthAdapter(inStream, outStream, order = SlicesOrder.HIGHER_FIRST)

There is also a traditional parameter called endianness, which has the same effect as ORDER. The value of endianness is the same as LOWER_FIRST of order when it is LITTLE, and the same as HIGHER_FIRST when it is BIG. The padding parameter is an optional boolean value to determine whether the adapter accepts non-integer multiples of the input and output payload width.

StreamArbiter

When you have multiple Streams and you want to arbitrate them to drive a single one, you can use the StreamArbiterFactory.

val streamA, streamB, streamC = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val arbitredABC = StreamArbiterFactory.roundRobin.onArgs(streamA, streamB, streamC)

val streamD, streamE, streamF = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val arbitredDEF = StreamArbiterFactory.lowerFirst.noLock.onArgs(streamD, streamE, streamF)

Arbitration functions

Description

lowerFirst

Lower port have priority over higher port

roundRobin

Fair round robin arbitration

sequentialOrder

Could be used to retrieve transaction in a sequancial order
First transaction should come from port zero, then from port one, …

Lock functions

Description

noLock

The port selection could change every cycle, even if the transaction on the selected port is not consumed.

transactionLock

The port selection is locked until the transaction on the selected port is consumed.

fragmentLock

Could be used to arbitrate Stream[Flow[T]].
In this mode, the port selection is locked until the selected port finish is burst (last=True).

Generation functions

Return

on(inputs : Seq[Stream[T]])

Stream[T]

onArgs(inputs : Stream[T]*)

Stream[T]

StreamJoin

This utile takes multiple input streams and wait until all of them fire before letting all of them through.

val cmdJoin = Stream(Cmd())
cmdJoin.arbitrationFrom(StreamJoin.arg(cmdABuffer, cmdBBuffer))

StreamFork

A StreamFork will clone each incoming data to all its output streams. If synchronous is true, all output streams will always fire together, which means that the stream will halt until all output streams are ready. If synchronous is false, output streams may be ready one at a time, at the cost of an additional flip flop (1 bit per output). The input stream will block until all output streams have processed each item regardlessly.

val inputStream = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val (outputstream1, outputstream2) = StreamFork2(inputStream, synchronous=false)

or

val inputStream = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val outputStreams = StreamFork(inputStream,portCount=2, synchronous=true)

StreamMux

A mux implementation for Stream. It takes a select signal and streams in inputs, and returns a Stream which is connected to one of the input streams specified by select. StreamArbiter is a facility works similar to this but is more powerful.

val inputStreams = Vec(Stream(Bits(8 bits)), portCount)
val select = UInt(log2Up(inputStreams.length) bits)
val outputStream = StreamMux(select, inputStreams)

Note

The UInt type of select signal could not be changed while output stream is stalled, or it might break the transaction on the fly. Use Stream typed select can generate a stream interface which only fire and change the routing when it is safe.

StreamDemux

A demux implementation for Stream. It takes a input, a select and a portCount and returns a Vec(Stream) where the output stream specified by select is connected to input, the other output streams are inactive. For safe transaction, refer the notes above.

val inputStream = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val select = UInt(log2Up(portCount) bits)
val outputStreams = StreamDemux(inputStream, select, portCount)

StreamDispatcherSequencial

This util take its input stream and routes it to outputCount stream in a sequential order.

val inputStream = Stream(Bits(8 bits))
val dispatchedStreams = StreamDispatcherSequencial(
  input = inputStream,
  outputCount = 3
)

Simulation support

For simulation master and slave implementations are available:

Class

Usage

StreamMonitor

Used for both master and slave sides, calls function with payload if Stream fires.

StreamDriver

Testbench master side, drives values by calling function to apply value (if available). Function must return if value was available. Supports random delays.

StreamReadyRandmizer

Randomizes ready for reception of data, testbench is the slave side.

ScoreboardInOrder

Often used to compare reference/dut data

import spinal.core._
import spinal.core.sim._
import spinal.lib._
import spinal.lib.sim.{StreamMonitor, StreamDriver, StreamReadyRandomizer, ScoreboardInOrder}

object Example extends App {
  val dut = SimConfig.withWave.compile(StreamFifo(Bits(8 bits), 2))

  dut.doSim("simple test") { dut =>
    SimTimeout(10000)

    val scoreboard = ScoreboardInOrder[Int]()

    dut.io.flush #= false

    // drive random data and add pushed data to scoreboard
    StreamDriver(dut.io.push, dut.clockDomain) { payload =>
      payload.randomize()
      true
    }
    StreamMonitor(dut.io.push, dut.clockDomain) { payload =>
      scoreboard.pushRef(payload.toInt)
    }

    // randmize ready on the output and add popped data to scoreboard
    StreamReadyRandomizer(dut.io.pop, dut.clockDomain)
    StreamMonitor(dut.io.pop, dut.clockDomain) { payload =>
      scoreboard.pushDut(payload.toInt)
    }

    dut.clockDomain.forkStimulus(10)

    dut.clockDomain.waitActiveEdgeWhere(scoreboard.matches == 100)
  }
}